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< 수동태의 여러 가지 형태 >

 

 

 

 

1) 목적어를 갖는 3,4,5 형식의 수동태

 

1. He likes his friend . - 3형식

 

-> His friend is liked by him.

 

2. Mr. Smith teaches us English. - 4형식

 

-> English is taught us by Mr. Smith.

 

-> We are taught English by Mr. Smith.

 

3. They called the ship the Mayflower. - 5형식

 

-> The ship was called the Mayflower. (by them)

 

 

 

 

2) 주의할 4형식 수동태

 

두 개의 목적어(직접목적과 간접목적)를 갖는 수여동사 가운데

 

give, lend, show, tell, teach, pay, offer, carry 따위가 쓰일 때

 

2개의 목적어 가운데 어느 것이 주어가 되어도 좋다(위 예문2).

 

그러나 직접목적어만을 주어로 한 수동태가 좋은 동사도 있다.

 

- bring, make, read, pass, sell, send, sing, write, throw 따위.

 

1. I threw him the ball.

 

a. The ball was thrown (to) him by me. (O)

 

b. He was thrown the ball by me. (x)

 

 

2. I wrote her a long letter.

 

a. A long letter was written (to) her by me. (O)

 

b. She was written a long letter by me. (어색함)

 

 

 

 

3) 조동사를 가진 문장의 수동태

 

1. You must post this letter at once.

 

-> This letter must be posted at once by you.

 

2. I will write a letter.

 

-> A letter shall be written by me.

 

3. You ought to do it now.

 

-> It ought to be done by you now.

 

 

▶ can, may, must 따위의 조동사가 쓰인 문장은 &qout;&qout;조동사+be+p.p&qout;&qout;의 형태로 만든다.

 

그러나 will, shall은 수동태에서 바뀌어진 주어에 따라 맞추어야 한다.

 

I shall meet him tonight. (단순미래)

 

-> He will be met by me tonight.

 

 

 

4) 의문문의 수동태

 

1. 일반의문문

 

Did you buy the car?

 

-> Was the car bought by you?

 

2. 의문사가 주어인 경우

 

Who invented the radio?

 

-> By whom was the radio invented?

 

 

▶ 조동사 do 는 수동태에서는 조동사 be가 있기 때문에 필요가 없으며 의문사 who는 목적격이 되어 By whom이 되지만 문두에 놓아야 한다.

 

3. 의문사가 목적어인 경우

 

What did he select?

 

What was selected by him?

 

4. 의문사가 목적보어인 경우

 

What do you call this in English?

 

What is this called in English?

 

5. 의문사가 있는 경우

 

Where did you get it?

 

Where was it gotten?

 

 

 

5) 동사구가 있는 수동태

 

1. She laughed at the boy.

 

-> The boy was laughed at by her.

 

2. I took care of my brother.

 

-> My brother was taken care of by me.

 

3. He made fun of me.

 

-> Fun was made of me by him.

 

4. He took good care of his father.

 

a. His father was taken good care of by him.

 

b. Good care was taken of his father by him.

 

 

▶ &qout;&qout;자동사+전치사=타동사&qout;&qout;인 경우 하나의 동사 취급을 하여 수동태를 만든다.

 

give up, run over, send for, look after, deal with, wish for, put up with(참다),

 

look down upon(멸시하다), speak well of(~를 칭찬하다) 등, 동사구가 그대로 이동되는 경우 (1,2)이다.

 

▶ &qout;&qout;타동사 + 명사(또는 부사)+전치사=타동사(동사구)&qout;&qout;인 경우도 하나의 동사로 취급하여 수동태를 만든다.

 

take no notice of (업신여기다), take charge of (~을 책임지다), make fun of(~을 놀리다), take advantage of (~을 이용하다)

 

등. 이때는 동사구 속의 명사를 주어로 하여 수동형을 만들 수 있는 경우가 있다.